Educational
management
Introduction
Management is universal in the modern industrial
world. Every individual organisation requires the making of decisions, the
co-ordination of activities, the handling of people, and the evaluation of
performances directed towards group activities. Numerous managerial activities
have their own particular approach to specific types of problems and are
discussed under such headings as farm management, hospital management,
production management, and others. All have elements in common.
Meaning
Experts agree that management is a
district type of activity different from all other types of human activities
and al true managers in any field of human efforts perform the typical
managerial functions irrespective of what they are managing. In other words,
managerial functions have universal application.
Definitions
“Management is management of people,
not things. It emphasises personal management”
-
James
“Management is the art and science of organising and
directing human efforts applied to control the forces and utilise the materials
of nature for the benefit of man”.
-American Society of
Mechanical Engineers
“Management is an activity involving responsibility
for getting things done through other people”. -
Cuthbert Ross
“Management is the art of knowing exactly what you
want to do and seeing that they do it in the best and cheapest way”. -
F.W. Taylor
Educational
management
The origin of the concept of
educational management as a field of study may be traced back to the 1880’s
with the publication of the “practical handbook of school management by authored
by Harding (1872).
The development of educational
management as a field of study began in the United States in the early part of
the 20th century. In the UK, the concept of educational management
found its place in educational literature in the 1960’s.
Educational management is a field of
study and practice with the operation of educational organisations. There is no
single, generally accepted definition of educational management because its
development has drawn heavily on several more family established disciplines
like economics, political science and sociology. In the words of Tony Bush
(1986), “Most of the definitions of educational management which have been
offered by writers are partial because they reflect the particular stance of
the author. Those which attempt a broader approach are often bland.”
Educational management has been
defined in International Dictionary of Education (1978) by G.Terry, page and
J.B.Thomas as, “Theory and practice of the organisation and administration is
of existing educational establishments and system”.
Educational management is concerned
with spelling out the educational objectives, planning process, staffing
pattern, organisational process, budgeting, financing, directing activities and
evaluating performance.
Definitions
Educational management has been
defined variously. Some important definitions explaining this concept are given
below:
“Educational management is a distinct process consisting
of planning, organising, actuating and controlling, performed to determine and
accomplish state objectives by the use of human beings and other resources. - George R, Terry
“The management process is concerned with helping
the members of an organisation to attain individual as well as organisational
objectives within the changing environment of the organisation.” -Gray H.L
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