Administrative structure in india

Administrative structure in india

            The pattern in which administration has been set up plays an important role in the effectiveness of the management and implementation of the educational plans and objectives from the national to the local level in educational settings. in our country the following ways of the administrative system has been established.

1.      localised system of administration

Decentralised administration is localised adminstration. in this system, the entire implementation power lies with the local authorities and all the norms and rules are fixed and exercised by the local officers.

Merits:

1.      The local needs of education could be easily understood. for e.g. the local school problems from one state to other state differs and hence this system could be of diagnostic value of the real needs and problems.

2.      The maintenance and managerial activities is good in this system, since the monitoring system is near.

3.      A democratic initiative is entertained by the local authorities and this increases the participation of the people and community. this leads to the linking of school with the society.

centralised system of administration

      In this system, the central government plays a vital role. all the policies and plans that are devised by the central government and the state government or authorities had to just implement the centrally devised policies in education.

Merits

1.      Uniformity of structure, standard and syllabus is maintained throughout the country. this gives equity of opportunities to all students in the country.

2.      In this system, an economic use of human and other resources are used.

3.      All the implementation strategies could be closely monitored by a single system.

Functional system of administration

      This approach uses the method of both the above said systems. The practical merits of both the systems are used by this system and hence it is eclectic in nature. In this system both the centralised and decentralised system are used.

Educational administrative agencies in India

      Further the three different agencies that are involved in the educational administration in our country are discussed below.

Role of central government

      The educational standards and norms are dictated by the central government. The central allots funds for the projects like universal primary education, adult education etc.. Several projects are initiated by the central, based on the needs of the society and time. Apart from providing funds and grants, central government also plays vital role in developing centralised universities, agencies, and research centres etc. majority of the central agencies look after higher educational system in our country.

      Several central agencies like national council for educational research and training, national council for teacher education, all India council for technical education, central board for secondary education etc. are some of the several bodies that are involved with the education in the country. Central government also co-operates with international projects in education like UNICEF; Ministry of education has direct governance on the central activities in education. With respect to educational administration, a central organisation called National Institute of Educational Planning and administration was established.

Role of state government

      State ministry of education and the department of education look after the education. The state ministry of education is responsible for initiating and controlling the educational policies. The department of education, consisting of one or more directorates executes the policies, opens and manages schools and colleges, implements the rules and regulations to all educational institutions.

      The entire school education is controlled and co-ordinated by the state government. The existing framework in each state is that each state has the head of Educational department, at district level there is a district education officer or chief education officer who is assisted by number of functionaries at lower levels. Each district is divided into a number of zones, each of them headed by zonal educational officer. There are more than 4000 zones in the country.

Role of local bodies

      Any policies that is devised by the central or state becomes effective only when it is effectively implemented and this done with the aid of the local authorities. But the fact is that the successful functioning of the local bodies depends upon the extent to which the people are educated and trained in democratic methods.

      All the policies and planning that are devised by the government must be implemented by the local authorities. In a culturally diversified country like India, the government cannot have control over the entire process of education, and hence small initiatives taken at the local authorities also do plays a vital role in the effectiveness of education.

Role of private agencies

      The growth of education in our country has been considerably contributed by the private agencies. The educational need of an overpopulated country could be met only by the establishment of private agencies. Several schools and colleges are opened over a decade. Due to the process of globalization several types of educational institutions have been started in the country and these changes lead to the development of the country’s education.

      Privatisation of education in India is still in doubt since it leads to commercialization of education and education becomes a product of consumers market. Yet the expansion of the sphere of education takes place to the initiation of several private institutions in the country.